Table 2 Key themes and subthemes

1.

Access-related barriers

• Inefficient/non-existent healthcare services

• Limited access to health facilities

• Shortages of medications

2.

Medication-related barriers

• Side effects

• Polytherapy

3.

Patient-level barriers

• Beliefs and knowledge about stroke and medications

• Attitudes and motivation towards treatment

4.

Health system and provider-related barriers

• Quality of patient-provider communication and counselling

• Shortages of healthcare workers

• Healthcare workers’ knowledge of stroke and medication

5.

Economic and environmental barriers

• Poverty

• Lack of transportation

• Conflict

6.

Socio-cultural barriers

• Stigma and social isolation

• Cultural practices