Table 6 Methods used to BBN among respondents
Themes | Sub Themes | Frequency (n = 245) | Excerpts/verbatim quotes |
|---|---|---|---|
Traditional SPIKES protocol | 101 | “I use the SPIKES protocol”, “I always use SPIKE protocol” “I use the SPIKES protocol which involves creating a setting to ensure confidentiality, be empathetic while breaking the news, then give room to process the news and proffer solutions, if any | |
SPIKES protocol variants | 81 | ||
KE variant | 25 | “Empathize while breaking the bad news” | |
SK variant | 22 | “I invite the patient to a calm area and tell them the bad news” | |
SKE variant | 11 | “Get the patient convenient, confirm his knowledge about the problem, tell him your effort and how unsuccessful it has been.empatize and ask for clarification | |
KES variant | 5 | “Show empathy through your action, body language and words first,,, theirafter explain and console in needed, then offer possible solutions for the client to take informed decision | |
K variant | 5 | “Call the most respected among the family tell him or her” “I will just explain what happened to the relatives” | |
PKE variant | 4 | “I will first ask the patient knowledge about the condition. Then go ahead to show empathy and break the bad news” | |
SPIKE Variant | 3 | “Establish an appropriate environment and rapport, ask if they are ready to recieve the results, be honest and sincere, show empathy and emotions, give them time to take it in and summarize | |
SPKE Variant | 3 | “Create a good setting, know the patient or relative perception about the condition, educate and give information then I will show empathy all through. Finally I will summarise | |
SKS Variant | 3 | “Call them to a calm environment, tell them the findings and the possibilities. And reassure them that we will do our best | |
No Specific Protocol | 16 | “I haven't done this before” | |
Religious/Spiritual Approach | 4 | “I rely on intuition from the Holy Spirit” | |
BREAKS protocol | 3 | “I employ the BREAKS protocol which involves me reviewing the background, creating a rapport, exploring their knowledge, announcing the bad news, acknowledging their emotions (i.e., kindling and summarizing” | |
ABCDE protocol | 2 | “I normally use ABCDE approach” | |
“GATHER Approach” | 2 | “I use often use the acronym GATHER. I try to ensure a good and private setting while doing so.”, “I use GATHER and adapt it to each situation” | |
Others+ | 5 | “I use the BATHE Method” | |
No response | 31 |