From: Vaccine refusal and hesitancy in Spain: an online cross-sectional questionnaire
Sociodemographic data | Total N = 1312 | *Responders to Q25 n = 1294 | Refusers n = 218 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex: | Â | Â | Â | ||||
Men | 326 (25.5%) | 325 (25.5%) | 53 (24.5%) | ||||
Women | 954 (74.5%) | 952 (74.5%) | 163 (75.5%) | ||||
Age: | Â | Â | Â | ||||
30 years old or less | 180 (14.0%) | 180 (14.0%) | 25 (11.6%) | ||||
31–59 years old | 948 (73.7%) | 947 (73.8%) | 151 (69.9%) | ||||
60 years old or more | 159 (12.4%) | 157 (12.2%) | 40 (18.5%) | ||||
University degree: | Â | Â | Â | ||||
No | 374 (29.0%) | 372 (28.9%) | 58 (26.7%) | ||||
Yes | 915 (71.0%) | 914 (71.1%) | 159 (73.3%) | ||||
Parental Status: Presence of children under 15 years old | Â | Â | Â | ||||
Yes | 604 (46.9%) | 603 (46.9%) | 106 (48.6%) | ||||
No | 685 (53.1%) | 683 (53.1%) | 112 (51.4%) | ||||
Religious beliefs: | Â | Â | Â | ||||
Supportive of vaccination | 467 (35.6%) | 466 (36.0%) | 51 (23.4%) | ||||
Opposed to vaccination | 6 (0.5%) | 6 (0.5%) | 2 (0.9%) | ||||
No opinion | 237 (18.1%) | 220 (17.0%) | 61 (28.0%) | ||||
Non-believer | 494 (37.7%) | 494 (38.2%) | 92 (42.2%) | ||||
Uncertain | 108 (8.2%) | 108 (8.3%) | 12 (5.5%) | ||||
Cultural Stance on Vaccination: | Â | Â | Â | ||||
Supportive of vaccination | 1111 (84.7%) | 1109 (85.7%) | 161 (73.9%) | ||||
Opposed to vaccination | 14 (1.07%) | 14 (1.08%) | 9 (4.13%) | ||||
No opinion | 128 (9.76%) | 112 (8.66%) | 36 (16.5%) | ||||
Uncertain | 59 (4.50%) | 59 (4.56%) | 12 (5.50%) | ||||
Family Stance on Vaccination: | Â | Â | Â | ||||
Supportive of vaccination | 1165 (88.8%) | 1163 (89.9%) | 164 (75.2%) | ||||
Opposed to vaccination | 32 (2.44%) | 32 (2.47%) | 14 (6.42%) | ||||
No opinion | 90 (6.86%) | 74 (5.72%) | 31 (14.2%) | ||||
Uncertain | 25 (1.91%) | 25 (1.93%) | 9 (4.13%) | ||||
Vaccination Attitudes and Behaviors | Total N = 1312 | *Responders to Q25 n = 1294 | Refusers n = 218 | ||||
Vaccine Refusal History: Has refused at least one vaccine | 218 (16.8%) | 1294 | 218 (16.8%) | 1294 | 218 (100%) | 218 | |
Type of Vaccine Refused: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Diptheria | 15 (1.14%) | 1312 | 15 (1.16%) | 1294 | 15 (6.88%) | 218 | |
Influenza | 135 (10.3%) | 1312 | 135 (10.4%) | 1294 | 135 (61.9%) | 218 | |
Haemophilus influenzae type B | 8 (0.61%) | 1312 | 8 (0.62%) | 1294 | 8 (3.67%) | 218 | |
Hepatitis A | 18 (1.37%) | 1312 | 18 (1.39%) | 1294 | 18 (8.26%) | 218 | |
Hepatitis B | 28 (2.13%) | 1312 | 28 (2.16%) | 1294 | 28 (12.8%) | 218 | |
Meningococcus ACWY (Nimenrix®, Menveo®) | 15 (1.14%) | 1312 | 15 (1.16%) | 1294 | 15 (6.88%) | 218 | |
Meningococcus B (Bexero®, Trumemba®) | 18 (1.37%) | 1312 | 18 (1.39%) | 1294 | 18 (8.26%) | 218 | |
Meningococcus C | 12 (0.91%) | 1312 | 12 (0.93%) | 1294 | 12 (5.50%) | 218 | |
Pneumococcus | 15 (1.14%) | 1312 | 15 (1.16%) | 1294 | 15 (6.88%) | 218 | |
Polio | 15 (1.14%) | 1312 | 15 (1.16%) | 1294 | 15 (6.88%) | 218 | |
Rotavirus (Rotarix ®, Rotateq®) | 24 (1.83%) | 1312 | 24 (1.85%) | 1294 | 24 (11.0%) | 218 | |
Tetanus | 40 (3.05%) | 1312 | 40 (3.09%) | 1294 | 40 (18.3%) | 218 | |
Whooping cough | 14 (1.07%) | 1312 | 14 (1.08%) | 1294 | 14 (6.42%) | 218 | |
Triple vÃrica (MMR)) | 22 (1.68%) | 1312 | 22 (1.70%) | 1294 | 22 (10.1%) | 218 | |
Papilloma virus HPV | 35 (2.67%) | 1312 | 35 (2.70%) | 1294 | 35 (16.1%) | 218 | |
Varicella | 31 (2.36%) | 1312 | 31 (2.40%) | 1294 | 31 (14.2%) | 218 | |
I do not remember | 37 (2.82%) | 1312 | 37 (2.86%) | 1294 | 37 (17.0%) | 218 | |
Number of vaccines refused | 0.37 (1.54) | 1312 | 0.37 (1.55) | 1294 | 2.21 (3.19) | 218 | |
Vaccine Refusal for Specific Individuals | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Son(s) and/or Daughter(s) | 75 (5.72%) | 1312 | 75 (5.80%) | 1294 | 75 (34.4%) | 218 | |
Parents | 8 (0.61%) | 1312 | 8 (0.62%) | 1294 | 8 (3.67%) | 218 | |
Self | 160 (12.2%) | 1312 | 160 (12.4%) | 1294 | 160 (73.4%) | 218 | |
Others | 8 (0.61%) | 1312 | 8 (0.62%) | 1294 | 8 (3.67%) | 218 | |
Hesitancy Due to Vaccine Components: Presence of doubts due to components such as thiomersal, aluminum, mercury, or formaldehyde | 362 (28.1%) | 1287 | 359 (28.0%) | 1284 | 99 (45.4%) | 218 | |
Hesitancy Due to Vaccine-Associated Health Risks: Presence of doubts due to associations with diseases such as cancer, allergies, autism, sudden infant death syndrome, multiple sclerosis, asthma, or immune system alterations | 399 (30.9%) | 1290 | 398 (30.9%) | 1288 | 101 (46.3%) | 218 | |
Hesitancy Due to Vaccine Cost: Presence of doubts due to the necessity of paying for certain vaccines | 374 (29.0%) | 1288 | 373 (29.0%) | 1286 | 68 (31.8%) | 214 | |
Agreement with Vaccination | Â | 1291 | Â | 1288 | Â | 214 | |
Totally agree | 982 (76.1%) | Â | 982 (76.2%) | Â | 112 (52.3%) | Â | |
Somewhat agree | 216 (16.7%) | Â | 215 (16.7%) | Â | 60 (28.0%) | Â | |
Neutral | 32 (2.48%) | Â | 32 (2.48%) | Â | 13 (6.07%) | Â | |
Somewhat disagree | 44 (3.41%) | Â | 43 (3.34%) | Â | 18 (8.41%) | Â | |
Totally disagree | 17 (1.32%) | Â | 16 (1.24%) | Â | 11 (5.14%) | Â |