Table 1 Characteristics of included articles
First author, Publication year | Location | Study design | Data source | Study period | Study population | No. population | Definition of enrolment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barker, 2016 | United Kingdom | Quasi-experimental design (Regression discontinuity design) | Clinical Practice Research Datalink | 2014 | Patients aged between 65 and 85 years | 255,469 | Program-based enrolment. Patients received a named accountable GP. |
Christiansen, 2016 | United States (Northern Calif) | Quasi-experimental design | Aggregate de-identified data from eClinical Works, the practice’s electronic medical record | NA | Patients with at least two visits at any of the three centres during the previous 18 months | 6,023 | Program-based enrolment. Patient empanelment defined as percentage of Federally-Qualified Community Health Centers (FQHCs) established patients assigned to a primary care provider and a designated care team. |
Ouellette-Kuntz, 2015 | Canada (Ontario) | Cross-sectional study | Administrative health and social services datasets | 2008–2010 | Ontario residents aged 50–64 years | 807,583 | Population-wide enrolment. Patient enrolment is a process whereby an individual formally agrees to receive all their primary care from a specific provider (or team), who in turn agrees to provide comprehensive primary care to that individual. |
Batista, 2019 | Canada (Ontario) | Retrospective cohort study | Linked health administrative and immigration databases | 2003–2012 | Adults aged 18 years or older, eligible for coverage under the province’s health insurance program | 9,231,840 | Population-wide enrolment. Patients were formally rostered to a primary care physician practicing in a patient enrolment model. |
Bayoumi, 2023 | Canada (Ontario) | Retrospective cohort study | Population-level administrative data | 2016–2018 | Adult Ontario residents eligible for publicly funded health insurance | 1,006,692 | Population-wide enrolment. Patients were attributed to a physician if they were formally enrolled (rostered) or had attended a minimum of 3 visits with the same primary care provider during the study period (virtually rostered). |
Strumpf, 2017 | Canada (Quebec) | Cross-sectional study | Population-based billing records from Quebec’s provincial public insurer | 2002–2005 | Residents | 1,159,082 | Program-based enrolment. Patients registered with a GP in the family medicine groups. |
Lavergne, 2022 | Canada (Quebec) | Cross-sectional study | Linked administrative data | 2003–2013 | Adults aged 40 years or more who registered for health insurance for more than 75% of the 2 years before and the 2 years after program implementation | 4,043,955 | Program-based enrolment. Physician agrees to take charge of patient regularly and provide required follow-up care. |
Lavergne, 2022 | Canada (British Columbia) | Cross-sectional study | Linked administrative data | 2003–2013 | Adults aged 40 years or more who registered for health insurance for more than 75% of the 2 years before and the 2 years after program implementation | 1,953,390 | Program-based enrolment. Physician bills code accepting responsibility for chronic disease management for 1 year, or Physician bills code indicating willingness to provide “full-service family practice” and confirms relationship with patient through “standardized conversation”. |
Irurzun-Lopez, 2021 | New Zealand | Ecological study | Annual data on the proportion of people enrolled in a primary health care | 2015–2019 | Census population data | NA | Population-wide enrolment. People enrolled in a primary health care. |
Pledger, 2023 | New Zealand | Cross-sectional study | Aggregated data from the Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand (TWO HNZ) | 2016–2023 | Census population data | NA | Population-wide enrolment. People enrolled in a primary health care. |