Table 2. Suggested components of interventions at various implementation stages
Pre-Implementation | Implementation | Post-Implementation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Healthcare professionals | • Increase awareness of IPE’s objectives and its relation to IPCP through stakeholder engagement [40] | • Acquire the knowledge, skills, and attitude in IPE for IPCP • Provide feedback on IPE programme [41] | • Use of IPE for portfolio building in CPD [42] |
Educators | • Faculty development in IPE [43] • Learning needs assessment [44] • Curriculum planning [45] | • Facilitate IPE programme [37] • Evaluation and adjustment to IPE curriculum [37] | • Evaluation of IPE programme sustainability [46] |
Institution | • Leadership support [47] • Funding, manpower, and infrastructure [48] • System-level intervention to modify working environment of HCPs | • Monitor progress of IPE implementation • Evaluation of IPE short-term outcomes such as improvement of learner’s skills, knowledge, and attitudes [49] | • Evaluation of intermediate outcomes such as team effectiveness [50] • Evaluation of long-term outcomes such as patients’ outcomes [51] |