Table 1 Demographics and comorbidities of all gout patients; Univariate analysis of associated factors for achieving target SUA level

N = 385

-

N = 115

29.9%

N = 270

70.1%

-

Age

68.5

± 14.7

69.9

± 12.8

67.9

± 15.4

0.190

Gender, Male

303

78.7%

81

70.4%

222

82.2%

0.010

Smoking

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.108

 Non-smoker

250

64.9%

80

69.6%

170

63.0%

-

 Active smoker

37

9.6%

5

4.3%

32

11.9%

-

 Ex-smoker

95

24.7%

29

25.2%

66

24.4%

-

 Unknown

3

7.0%

1

0.9%

2

0.7%

-

Drinking

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.041

 Non-drinker

240

62.3%

84

73.0%

156

57.8%

-

 Drinker

87

22.6%

20

17.4%

67

24.8%

-

 Ex-drinker

31

8.1%

6

5.2%

25

9.3%

-

 Unknown

27

7.0%

5

4.3%

22

8.1%

-

Comorbidities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Hypertension

297

77.1%

89

77.4%

208

77.0%

0.940

 Diabetes mellitus

123

31.9%

45

39.1%

78

28.9%

0.049

 Hyperlipidemia

245

63.6%

75

65.2%

170

63.0%

0.674

 CAD/IHD

35

9.1%

12

10.4%

23

8.5%

0.549

 CHF

10

2.6%

2

1.7%

8

3.0%

0.730

 CKD

107

27.8%

24

20.9%

83

30.7%

0.159

 Stage 3a

69

17.9%

16

14.0%

53

20.2%

-

 Stage 3b

27

7.0%

7

6.1%

20

7.6%

-

 Stage 4

11

2.9%

1

0.9%

10

3.8%

-

 Stage 5

0

-

0

-

0

-

-

 Stroke

39

10.1%

17

14.8%

22

8.1%

0.048

 Obese

205

60.1%

69

65.7%

136

57.6%

0.418

Tophaceous Gout

17

4.4%

0

0.0%

17

6.3%

0.006

On Diuretic

26

6.8%

6

5.2%

20

7.4%

0.433

On Urate Lowering Agent

232

60.3%

92

80.0%

140

51.9%

< 0.001

#BMI, N = 341

26.6

± 4.2

26.89

± 4.4

26.25

± 3.9

0.300

 Underweight (BMI < 18.5)

4

1.2%

0

0.0%

4

1.7%

0.418

-

-

 Normal (BMI 18.5–22.9)

61

17.9%

17

16.2%

44

18.6%

 Overweight (BMI 23-24.9)

71

20.8%

19

18.1%

52

22.0%

 Obese (BMI ≥ 25)

205

60.1%

69

65.7%

136

57.6%

-

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m²)

72.3

± 12.8

77.9

± 13.2

69.8

± 12.5

0.008

Serum urate acid, mmol/L

0.42

± 0.11

-

-

-

-

-