Factors associated with perceived health of school-aged children in rural Rwanda: an opportunity to leverage community health workers to enhance school health promotion and primary healthcare systems linkages

Manzi, Anatole; Nguyen, Daniel; Katz, Benjamin; Michel, Clara Agyapomaa; Nilingiyimana, Theophile; Sendarasi, Titien; Niyonzima, Joseph; Nyiraneza, Olive; Bimenyimana, Norbert Blaise; Bloom, Elizabeth

doi:10.1186/s12875-024-02645-5

Table 2 Bivariate relationships between common health problems, behaviors, and perceived health of children

From: Factors associated with perceived health of school-aged children in rural Rwanda: an opportunity to leverage community health workers to enhance school health promotion and primary healthcare systems linkages

Health problems and risk behaviors	N	%	OR	95%CI		P-value
Common and serious health problems
Alcohol and other substances						0.320
No	325	58	1.00
Yes	154	32	1.22	[0.83	1.79]
Injuries						0.789
No	403	84	1.00
Yes	76	16	1.07	[0.65	1.75]
Helminth (worm) infections
No	141	29	1.00			0.026
Yes	338	71	0.64	[0.43	0.95]
HIV/AIDS and STIs						<0.001
No	297	62	1.00
Yes	182	38	2.07	[1.41	3.02]
Malaria
No	320	67	1.00			< 0.001
Yes	159	33	2.20	[1.49	3.28]
Mental health problems						0.944
No	433	90	1.00
Yes	46	10	1.02	[0.56	1.88]
Oral health problems						0.100
No	433	90	1.00
Yes	46	10	1.68	[0.89	3.18]
Protein-energy malnutrition						0.010
No	162	34	1.00
Yes	317	66	0.59	[0.40	0.87]
Respiratory infections						0.922
No	432	90	1.00
Yes	47	10	0.97	[0.53	1.77]
Unsafe/inadequate sanitation						0.234
No	321	67	1.00
Yes	158	33	0.79	[0.54	1.16]
Tobacco						0.084
No	413	86	1.00
Yes	66	14	1.60	[0.93	2.73]
Unintended pregnancies
No	323	67	1.00			0.001
Yes	156	33	1.86	[1.26	2.76]
Unsafe water
No	81	17	1.00			0.002
Yes	398	83	0.46	[0.28	0.77]
Violence						0.135
No	399	83	1.00
Yes	80	17	0.69	[0.43	1.12]
Immune diseases						0.067
No	400	84	1.00
Yes	79	16	0.12	[0.23	0.00]
Vision and hearing						0.546
No	454	95	1.00
Yes	25	5	0.78	[0.35	1.75]
Harmful behaviors
Alcohol abuse						0.892
No	265	55	1.00
Yes	214	45	1.03	[0.71	1.47]
Dropping out of school						0.241
No	156	33	1.00
Yes	323	67	0.79	[0.54	1.17]
Drug abuse						0.705
No	169	35	1.00
Yes	310	64	0.93	[0.64	1.35]
Lack of exercise or physical activities						0.050
No	85	18	1.00
Yes	394	82	0.62	[0.38	1.00]
Poor eating/feeding practices						0.040
No	221	46	1.00
Yes	258	54	1.45	[1.01	2.09]
No immunization						0.094
No	89	19	1.00
Yes	390	81	0.67	[0.42	1.08]
Marijuana use						0.057
No	129	27	1.00
Yes	350	73	0.17	[0.02	1.45]
Unsafe sex						0.433
No	178	37	1.00
Yes	301	63	0.86	[0.59	1.25]

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ISSN: 2731-4553

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