Table 2 Core functions of PF delivered virtually

Help the practice organize, prioritize, and sequence QI activities

• Facilitating clinic self-assessments

• Leading a prioritization activity to focus teams’ work

“Giving us a goal,helping us determine our goal by being able to clarify things we were talking around and around. It was helpful. We all wanted the same thing but sometimes weren’t using the right words.” (Clinic A)

Train practice staff to understand and use data to drive QI

• Sharing measures over time using a data visualization software

• Helping teams understand empanelment and electronic data capture

• Using data for chart selection

“[The facilitator] came back and provided concrete data on how we’ve been doing in terms of our improvement of opioid amounts in the clinic,or new patients started on opioids,naloxone prescriptions. She did it by provider and showed a graph on how we’re doing. That was so helpful… From the data,we can see what we need to work on,where we need to target,and then we can re-evaluate that and see if we’ve made improvements.” (Clinic B)

Increase practice capacity for QI activities

• Working through PDSA cycles (for example, to test different ways to share educational resources with patients or creating a new shortcut in the electronic health record)

• Using chart review as an opportunity to identify and address system issues

• Completing follow-up monitoring for patients already reviewed

“Doing the PDSAs and understanding how those work has been helpful. Helps things go a little smoother and see those end goals …and that it’s okay to make changes in between…PDSA keeps things on track and keeps people accountable -it gives everyone a role to play.” (Clinic D)

Help build a team orientation among practice staff and a practice culture receptive to change

• Establishing an interdisciplinary OSC and patient review process

• Identifying ways other care team members could support PCPs in caring for patients with pain

“[The facilitator] did make sure that everyone had their voice. She was fair and she was really good at helping us collaborate.” (Clinic A)

Share best practices and lessons across practices

• Sharing tools and updates across clinics

• Sharing ideas and tips across clinics

• Building connections with quality leaders

“She would give us helpful hints that were helpful for other clinics or if she saw us trying something that hadn’t been successful,she would say go ahead and give it a try. Let me know if it works out for you. She just did a really great job of putting it together.” (Clinic F)